Crime and Punishment in Ancient Greece Essay Example for Free

Crime and Punishment in Ancient Greece Essay Today, criminals are punished for their crimes by going to jail or prison or being on probation. But what was it like in Ancient Greece? After the Dark Ages, about 1200-900 BC, the Ancient Greeks had no official laws or punishments. Murders were settled by the victims family killing the murderer, but this was difficult if they were elderly or female. This often began endless blood feuds. It was not until the seventh century BC that the Greeks began to establish laws. Around 620 BC, Draco wrote the first law for Greece. This law said that exile was the penalty for murder and was the only one of Dracos laws that Solon kept when he became law giver in 594 BC. Foreign slaves were often employed as police men and women in Ancient Greece. After somebody reported a crime, if somebody was arrested, an informant would receive half of fine charged to the criminal. In Athens, criminals were tried before a jury of 200 or more citizens picked at random. Going to prison was not an usual punishment for the people of Greece. In cases involving rape, theft, adultery, and murder, the accused got a written summons that told them when they had to appear before the magistrate. Athenian law was divided into two things, public and private action. Public actions included the entire community. Private actions included an individual. In cases of murder, the victims family was required to prosecute the killer. Even though magistrates were at the trial, they werent judges. They neither gave advice nor did they convict the felon. They just supervised the hearing. The jury in a trial was made up of 200-600 members over the age of thirty to make sure there was no risk or bribery. After the speeches had been delivered by the prosecution and the defense, the jurors voted without deliberation. In the 5th century BC, jurors cast their vote in secret. Each juror was provided with two tokens, one for conviction and the other for acquittal. The juror put one of these in a wooden urn whose tokens were disregarded, and the other in a bronze urn whose votes were counted. Judgement was passed on a majority verdict. In the 5th century B. C. , a tie meant an acquittal. In the following century, old-numbered juries were the norm and that is the custom today. In Ancient Rome the slaves had no rights at all. They were thought of and treated like merchandise. However, slaves did cost money to buy so many of the punishments did not inflict lasting damage. The lash was the most common punishment. When slaves were beaten, they were suspended with a weight tied to their feet, so they wouldnt be able to move them. Another punishment was to be branded in the forehead. An alternative punishment included the slave being forced to carry a piece of wood around their necks wherever they went. This was called furca; and whichever slave had had been punish with this was called furcifer all the time after that. Slaves were also, by way of punishment, often kept in a work-house, or house of correction, where they had to turn a mill for grinding corn. When punished for any capital offense, they were commonly crucified; but this was eventually prohibited under the rule of the Emperor Constantine. In Rome, the punishments for death are beheading, strangling in prison, throwing a criminal from the Tarpeian rock, crucifixion, burying a person alive, or throwing a criminal in the river (patricide). Throwing a criminal in the river was inflicted for killing your father. The criminal was immediately blindfolded as unworthy of the light, and in the next place the person were taken to the field of Mars outside Rome, stripped of everything then whipped with rods. He was then sewed up in a sack, and thrown into the sea. Later in time, to add to the punishment for patricide, a serpent was put in the sack; and still later, an ape, a dog and a cock. The sack which held the criminal was called Culeus, on which account the punishment itself is often signified by the same name. There are eight kinds of punishments, fine, fetters, flogging, retaliation of kind, civil disgrace, banishment, slavery, and death. Punishments in Ancient Rome were very harsh and violent and they are unlike the laws today.

Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution Essay -- Essays Pa

Human Beings and Nature: The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution, perhaps one of the most significant examples of human beingsà ­ relationship with the natural world, changed the way seventeenth and eighteenth century society operated. The power of human knowledge has enabled intellectual, economical, and social advances seen in the modern world. The Scientific Revolution which included the development of scientific attitudes and skepticism of old views on nature and humanity was a slow process that spanned over a two century period. During the Scientific Revolution, scientific knowledge enabled humans to control nature in order to improve society. With leaders such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes, the Scientific Revolution proves to be a crucial piece to the puzzle of understanding the effects of humansà ­ interactions with the natural world. The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. Although its effects were highly influential, the forerunners Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes only had a few hundred followers. Each pioneered unique ideas that challenged the current views of human beingsà ­ relationship with nature. With the backing of empirical observation and mathematical proof, these ideas slowly gained acceptance. As a result, the operation of society, along with prior grounds for faith were reconsidered. Their ideas promoted change and reform for humansà ­ well-being on earth. The Scientific Revolution was sparked through Nicolaus Copernicusà ­ unique use of mathematics. His methods developed from Greek astr... ...rn Heritage Brief Edition Volume II: Since 1648 (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall 1996), 342. 4. Rogers, 7. 5. Rogers, 18. 6. Rogers, 16. 7. Rogers, 11. ADDITIONAL SOURCE: - Steven Shapin, "The Scientific Revolution," Library Journal, Aug. 1996, 63-67. This article offers a different approach to analyzing the impact of the Scientific Revolution. He discusses the "birth" of modern science which occurred between Copernicus and Newton's time. However, he also gives equal credit to Bacon, Descartes, Galileo for the development of the naturalistic philosophy we still use today. This article is an excellent source of furthering one's knowledge on the topic of human beings interactions with the natural world and how the efforts made during the scientific revolution still impact us today.

Communicable Disease

Communicable Disease HCS 457 September 24, 2012 Heather Steiner Communicable Disease Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that affects a person’s lungs. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium. Untreated TB can be fatal, in the past TB was the leading cause of death in the United States. There are two TB related conditions that exit: latent TB infection and Active TB infection. TB can be transmitted to others when an infected person coughs or sneezes. According to the â€Å"Center for Disease Control† (2010), â€Å"TB disease is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal† (CDC, 2010, para. 3). Much like the common cold, TB is spread by an infected person breathing, coughing, speaking, or sneezing into the air; however, not everyone who acquires TB has symptoms. Latent TB infection occurs when one breathes in the bacteria can fight off the infection. Persons with latent TB have no symptoms and are not contagious unless the bacterium becomes active in one’s body.Once the illness is active it becomes active TB, and the person will become sick. People who have weakened immune systems because of other illness are more susceptible to contracting active TB. According to the â€Å"CDC† (2010), â€Å"The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected† (CDC, 2010, para. ). According to U. S. National Library of Medicine (2011), † The following factors may increase the rate of TB infection in a population: Increase in HIV infections, Increase in number of homeless people (poor environment and nutrition). In the United States, there are approximately 10 cases of TB per 100,000 people. However, rates vary dramatically by area of residence and socioeconomic status. † (2011). A gap in care concerning TB patients is directly related to cultural beliefs and perceptions concerning disease.Cultural beliefs have a significant effect on the spread of disease and treatment options. For example, the Hmong in the United States represent a Southeast Asian minority group who immigrated to the United States. Many of the Hmong have settled in the Minneapolis metro area. The Hmong people experience an especially high rate of Tuberculosis (TB). Cultural influences play a significant part in diagnosing and controlling the spread of TB among the Hmong population. The language barrier is just one issue that health care workers have trouble with.According to â€Å"Culture Care Connection† (2010), â€Å"One persistent programmatic implication is that because the Hmong language lacks words for many biomedical or physiological concepts, communication requires proxy words to convey these ideas. New Hmong words may even need to be created in order to convey Western terms or concepts† (Culture Care, 2010 para. 6). To close the gap the Minnesota Department of Health needs to educate minority groups and health care providers about how to effectively communicate with one another.The study conducted by the CDC determined that although the Hmong were familiar with some TB symptoms the lack of education concerning the disease is a major roadblock to treatment. The study found that many Hmong believed that TB could not be transmitted through the air and that it could only be contracted by associating with â€Å"unclean† people. According to the â€Å"CDC† (2010), â€Å"Common misconceptions included that TB was transmitted by sharing eating utensils, through body fluids, or by kissing. Some participants believed TB was caused by unhygienic conditions† (CDC, 2010, para. 7).Many respondents said that TB is a source of shame in the community and that shame would prevent many from seeking out treatment. The Minnesota Department of Health has initiated a TB prevention and control program collaborates with local public health departments statewide. The program collects and analyzes surveillance data to monitor epidemiologic trends and provides consultation to clinicians and local public health departments to assure appropriate clinical management and adequate therapy for TB patients and persons exposed to TB disease† (2012). In conclusion, Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium.Untreated TB can be fatal. People who have weakened immune systems because of other illness are more susceptible to contracting active TB. A gap in care concerning TB patients is directly related to cultural beliefs and perceptions concerning disease. Cultural beliefs have a signific ant effect on the spread of disease and treatment options. To close the gap the Minnesota Department of Health needs to educate minority groups and health care providers about how to effectively communicate with one another. References CDC (2010). Common Perceptions, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Tuberculosis among the Lao Hmong. ttp://www. cdc. gov/tb/publications/guidestoolkits/EthnographicGuides/Hmong Culture Care Connection. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. culturecareconnection. org/matters/diversity/hmong. html McArdle, M. (2011, October). Resistance Is Futile.. The Atlantic, (), . doi:galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ Minnesota Department of Health. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. health. state. mn. us/divs/idepc/diseases/tb/program. html U. S. National Library of Medicine . (2011). Pulmonary tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/

Symptoms And Treatment Of Xeroderma Pigmentosum - 1191 Words

Xeroderma Pigmentosum is also known as XP and is a disease where the skin of a person is sensitive to UV light. The biological process that isn’t functioning correctly in XP is the ability of cells to repair damage to DNA caused by the sun and UV radiation. UV damage to DNA of cells must be removed during DNA repair. Patients with XP have a mutation to a gene that is required in DNA excision. It is this mutation that leads to clinical symptoms observed in patients. The clinical symptoms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum include skin lesions and pigementation. In addition, many patients also show symptoms of ocular manifestations and mental diseases. Nucleotide excision repair genes are related to Xeroderma Pigmentosum. These are the genes that repair DNA damage caused by mutagenic agents such as UV. Previous studies have shown that mutations to these specific set of genes are highly related to clinical symptoms in XP patients. These genes are: DDB2, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, POLH, XPA and XPC. One of the genes that causes the most severe cases of the disease Xeroderma Pigmentosum is the XPA gene. Previous studies have shown that mutations in this gene cause clinical symptoms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum predominantly in the Japanese population where 1 in every 40,000 people have XP1. These studies showed that there is a possibility of 25 mutations that can occur to the XPA gene to cause XP. Experiments2 previously carried out involved the cloning of the XPAC gene from a mouse andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Xeroderma Pigmentosum or XP550 Words   |  2 PagesMedical condition I will talk about today is Xeroderma Pigmentosum or XP for short. XP is commonly known for its ‘Vampire’ characteristics. This is a rare medical condition which basically involves a person being exceptionally sun sensitive from UV rays of sunlight. This certain condition affects the eyes but can also be holistic if exposed to sun light. Within saying that there is also 8 different types which can vary from the asperity, to the signs or symptoms. This disease usually begins in infancyRead MoreEssay about Inherited Diseases: Xeroderma Pigmentosum927 Words   |  4 PagesThis is how children live who suffer from the inherited disease, Xeroderma Pigmentosum, otherwise known as XP. It’s a rare disease that causes extreme levels of sensitivity to UV light. The human skin is normally able to repair the skin damage, but children living with XP cannot. Its strikes one in one million born in the U.S. and Europe but is more commonly found in Japan, North Africa, and the Middle East. Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a difficult disease to live with and takes a toll on the lifeRead MoreNeoplasia10526 Words   |  43 PagesDefective DNA repair syndromes - a group of cancerpredisposing conditions is collectively characterized by defects in DNA repair and resultant DNA instability. These are generally having an Autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance e.g. a) xeroderma pigmentosum, b) ataxia- telangectasia; c) Bloom syndrome, d) Fancon i anaemia, and occasionally e) HNPCC, which is an Autosomal dominant disorder and is the most common cancer syndrome, increasing the susceptibility to cancer in the colon (esp), small intestineRead MoreCancer : A Common Misconception About Cancer5956 Words   |  24 Pagestoo. SECTION 1: TRADITIONAL CANCER TREATMENTS Cancer has been around for a long time and is treatable. The traditional treatments were used when our knowledge of cancer was limited. However as we start to learn more about cancer, different and more effective treatments emerge. This section gives a brief introduction into the more basic and traditional treatments of cancer. 1.1- Surgery Surgery is one of the main treatments for cancer. It is a local treatment which means it only affects the part

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder - 1670 Words

Once the diagnosis has been made that Bipolar disorder is the cause of the symptoms then a treatment plan can be started. When one lives with Bipolar disorder symptoms can be managed. Management involves various types of treatments such as medication, education, and talk therapy. There are numerous types of medications used to help cope and deal with the many symptoms of Bipolar disorder. These are used as mood stabilizers, sleep assistance, focusing agents, calming agents, antidepressants and antipsychotic medications. These medications may be used alone or in combination to treat depression or mania and for maintenance purposes. Along with the medications, education plays a key role in managing bipolar symptoms. Doctors and therapists usually will suggest programs to educate a patient on their specific disorder. Some of the programs that are suggested for people with bipolar disorder are PHP’s (Partial Hospitalization Program) or IOP’s (Intensive Outpatient Pro gram). These programs are usually attended three to four times per week for a specific amount of time (i.e. eight to twelve weeks). Patients work on group therapy, family therapy, meditation and dialectical and cognitive behavioral therapy. In group therapy sessions the focus is to meet people with the same diagnosis and discuss what treatments have worked for others. This also brings together individuals to form a support group. Family therapy sessions help the family to understand and cope with theShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1489 Words   |  6 PagesDiego City College Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1125 Words   |  5 Pageswith several mental disorders. The major diagnosis would be bipolar disorder. She also suffers from borderline personality disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. The American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder defines bipolar disorder as a recurrent mood disorder that includes periods of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Murphy, 2012, p. 44-50). It was previously kn own as manic depressive disorder. It is most commonRead MoreBipolar Disorder Treatments : Symptoms And Symptoms2309 Words   |  10 Pages Bipolar Disorder Treatments Kelly Miazga Metropolitan State University December 8th 2014 â€Æ' Bipolar disorder treatments Introduction Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression or bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder where the patient experiences episodes of extreme highs known as mania and extreme lows known as depression. Periods of mania and depression vary per person. 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Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the

R D Business Strategy - 1320 Words

Introduction In this essay, it explores the understanding and importance of RD, business strategy and their links. Organizations discover it progressively hard to meet their development targets and should search for new arrangements that can bring them extra income. In business, RD is very critical for marketing and competition has made RD important, by keeping up with consumers’ trends, needs and demands. Research and development would be a suitable tool in the competitive market. We frequently see that RD is not adjusted to the companies general Business strategy. RD department is commonly found in larger companies, which helps them create an innovative product, operational improvements and increments in profitability (Pereira, 2013). While RD work can be instrument for making new products or improving old products. Research and development is associated with marketing and different parts of business strategy. The key reason to implement RD in a business strategy is to give backing to th e current business by keeping business competitive and supporting their efficiencies for long term advantages. Business Strategy Business strategy is basically the means by which is sets out its organizational goals. It is an outflow on how a business needs to progress over time to meet its objectives along with assessments for what needs to be done (â€Å"Business strategy | Business Case studies†, 2016). The basic purpose of business strategy is review the function that areShow MoreRelatedGsk Internal Analysis1623 Words   |  7 PagesRecent Strategy, It s important that we generate more growth with less risk. GSK needs to find new sources of growth at a time when governments around the world are reforming healthcare and cutting spending. It is also outsourcing more research to partners to reduce risk. Its long-running collaboration with the US company, Theravance which is responsible for one of GSK s most promising new drugs, the asthma treatment Relovair, which is now in late-stage development. GSK recently upped itsRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Through People, Polycentric Staffing Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesFor competitive advantage through people, polycentric staffing was a short-term strategy to limit turnover. However, as Rudd and Lawson (2007) suggested for the long term, practices and processes that maximize the benefits in each country become necessary and focus shifts to cultural information flow to serve multiple needs. For this, leadership, culture, competencies and organization in Lenovo ought to be for significant transformations. Regular team building exercises promote a culture where differentRead MoreManagerial Economics Business Strategy Chapter 41528 Words   |  7 PagesManagerial Economics Business Strategy Chapter 4 The Theory of Individual Behavior Michael R. 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As discussed in the case, initially Samsung was not much popular and lacked design identity but later it relocated itself by: * Improvement in the product development processes * Increasing their investments in Ramp;D and product design i.e. Ramp;D globalization. * By adoptingRead MoreThe Financials For Clipboard Company1740 Words   |  7 Pagesof its commodities and undertaking research and development. However, the most beneficial strategy on the objective of varying the prices and undertaking research and development is using CVP analysis and running simulations from the results obtained in SLP 3. As such, this study will analyze the various RD and price variation scenarios, run simulations of the results of SLP 3, and offer a revised strategy for Clipboard Company s product portfolio. 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Its multi-brand beverages and beverage systems portfolio has guided Keurig’s business model from the company’s inception in 1998 to the present. Keurig sells a variety of Keurig ® brewers and sells specialty coffee pods. Since its early years, the company’s beverage options have expanded to include cold beverages (including iced teas, iced coffees, and iced fruit brews) in addition to

Gates Vs Rockefeller Essay Research Paper Gates free essay sample

Gates Vs Rockefeller Essay, Research Paper Gates vs. Rockefeller ( an heroic poem affaire dhonneur between to immense concern moguls ) Over the old ages at that place have been many concerns and man of affairs. Some have prospered and some have lost everything. But merely a choice few have of all time dominated an full market and organize a true monopoly. The authorities forbids such concerns but people still strive to accomplish such stature. The two true human dynamos of the past 300 old ages in the concern universe would doubtless be William Henry Gates 3rd and John Davison Rockefeller. Both of these two concern masterminds have alone narratives about their rise to the top and there autumn, by reading this essay you shall derive a better apprehension of their narratives and covering? William Gates was born on October 28, 1955. His household had a history of being good in concern and political relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Gates Vs Rockefeller Essay Research Paper Gates or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His male parent was a outstanding attorney and his gramps a president of a bank. Bill was a of course gifted kid who excelled in every class. His parents decided to direct him to a private school, which had an tremendous consequence on him, due to the fact he was introduced to computing machines. It was during his private school old ages where he met Paul Allen. Allan, Gates and a few other childs, started utilizing computing machines to compose plans but decided that they need somehow to practically utilize the machine in the existent universe. They got their first opportunity, by opportunity when Paul saw a magazine with a image of a personal computing machine. He told Gates, who was a pupil at Harvard, and Decided to name the company and state them they had written an operating system for the computing machine. This nevertheless was a prevarication because they didn? t even ain one of these machines. They had one opportunity to prove the plan and it worked absolutely. Gates so dr opped out of Harvard and he and Allen started a new company called Microsoft. In 1980, approached the two about programming a plan for a personal Personal computer. This was the birth of Ms-Dos. In 1987, he started forcing CD-ROMs, which turned out to be a good thought. The 1990s were brainsick old ages for Microsoft. The company became a immense participant and got huger and huger. As Microsoft became bigger and bigger the were able to utilize Predatory pricing to there advantage. That meant that they were able to cut down their monetary value so low no 1 could vie. Besides Bill has a bent for acquiring Personal computer companies to make things for Microsoft, such as seting Windowss on their computing machines or changing their plan to do Microsoft work better that anything else. These side trades, marauding pricing and other questionable methods, ended up seting Microsoft under the microscope by the federal authorities. They decided in early 2000, that Microsoft needed to be spli t in two or have heavy ordinances on them. Lone clip will state what will go on to? the richest adult male in the universe? business.J D Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839 in Richford NY. His male parent was a con creative person who peddled worthless points to people and had several assholes. In 1955, when J D was 16, on the 26th or September, he got a clerking occupation that paid $ .50 a twenty-four hours. He celebrated that twenty-four hours for many old ages. He was besides a really spiritual individual and refused to imbibe or smoke. J D? s foremost concern was in the oil refinery concern. He and his spouse Sam Andrews opened a refinery in Cleveland. In 1870 he formed Standard Oil, which was a public company. J D had a bent for acquiring other companies to sell to him or to travel out of concern. He made secret trades with railwaies, the trades where that he would pay the normal monetary value for transit, but he would acquire a? discount? . For illustration if Joe Shmoe Refinery tried to transport a barrel of oil, it would be them $ 2, but if Standard Oil shipped the same barrel they would pay the $ 2 and acquire $ .70 back. As he became more powerful he was even able to demand that he have discounts on his rivals transporting. Besides he set up? blind Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams? , which were smaller companies that were connected to Stand ard Oil but didn? t have the name of it. By the clip the smaller concerns realized it was Standard Oil seeking to run them out of concern it was excessively late. By 1978 Standard Oil had 90 % of all the state? s oil refineries. In 1882, Standard Oil turned into a trust. A trust had a board of trusties and could acquire around some of the US Torahs. The trust led to the Sherman Anti-trust Torahs, which made monopolies illegal. Ida Tarbell was one of Rockefeller? s biggest critics, she gad a score against him because she felt he had he father killed. In 1899 Standard Oil Trust was forced to fade out. It was broken down into Mobile, Exxon, Pennzoil and others. It was during Rockefeller? s retirement when you became a billionaire due to the stock he had in those companies. Besides during his life-time he gave money to many charities. The sum he donated has been estimated to be 850 million dollars.Both of these work forces are or where exceeding man of affairs. I personal fell that the authorities has been or is being to hard on these companies. For illustration in the Microsoft Case the consumer is non be harmed by Microsoft being so big. In fact the breadth of Microsoft might be good to consumers. The things that the authorities charged these companies are true but in my sentiment non really of import. The fact that Bill Gates has altered Microsoft Windowss to profit seems to me to be good concern, non some atrocious thing. Besides in the Microsoft instance both parts will still hold a monopoly. In the Standard Oil instance the smaller companies still were really successful and there are truly no enforcement if these companies still wanted to do secret trades. So in retrospect, the Government it incorrectly in interrupting up these companies. I think they have a bigger job with the individual being so affluent instead them with their concern. www.esrn.com/cirriculum/collections/biographys www.ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/gates.mirick.html The Movie- The Prize- Our Plan- Director William Cran Encyclopedia of Worlf biography- Volume~GA pg. 232-234 Encyclopedia of Worlf biography- Volume~RO pg. 226-228